Ubuntu 安裝 Nginx + PHP-FPM + MySQL + phpMyAdmin

楊皓程 2022/10/06

Last Updated on 2022/10/06 23:35

本教學以 Ubuntu 22.04.1 為例

1. 安裝 MySQL

Terminal command line

因為此操作需要用到 root 權限，因此開始前會先 sudo su ，切換到 root 使用者。

#切換到 root 權限
aiot@aiot-1-i534:~$ sudo su
[sudo] password for aiot: ********
#更新 apt-get
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt update
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt upgrade -y
#安全 MySQL 及相關工具
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install mysql-server vim net-tools -y
#設定 MySQL 權限
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.30-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or it affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#建立使用者(username:hc, password:123456789, host: %)
mysql> CREATE USER 'hc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456789';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

#為使用者設定權限
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'hc'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

#資料庫套用權限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

#設定 MySQL 可從外部連入
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

bind-address = *
mysqlx-bind-address = *

#重啟 MySQL
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# service mysql restart
#設定 MySQL 於開機自動啟動
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# systemctl enable mysql
#允許防火牆接受 3306 Port 連入
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# ufw allow 3306
Skipping adding existing rule
Skipping adding existing rule (v6)

2. 安裝 Nginx + PHP-FPM

Terminal command line

因為此操作需要用到 root 權限，因此開始前會先 sudo su ，切換到 root 使用者。

#切換到 root 權限
aiot@aiot-1-i534:~$ sudo su
[sudo] password for aiot: ********
#更新 apt-get
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt update
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt upgrade -y
#安全 Nginx, PHP-FPM 及相關套件
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install nginx vim net-tools unzip -y
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install php-fpm php-cgi -y
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install php-mysqli php-mysql -y
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install php-common php-mbstring php-xml php-curl php-zip php-bz2 php-gd -y
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php;
server_name _;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
}
}

#重啟 Nginx
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# service nginx restart
#設定 Nginx 於開機自動啟動
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# systemctl enable nginx
#允許防火牆接受 80 Port 連入
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# ufw allow 80
Skipping adding existing rule
Skipping adding existing rule (v6)
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php

瀏覽器打開網址: http://192.168.88.7/phpinfo.php

3. 安裝 phpMyAdmin

首先進入: https://www.phpmyadmin.net/，複製phpMyAdmin最新版下載網址

copy phpMyAdmin download url

本篇教學使用5.2.0版，網址: https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip

Terminal command line

因為此操作需要用到 root 權限，因此開始前會先 sudo su ，切換到 root 使用者。

#切換到 root 權限
aiot@aiot-1-i534:~$ sudo su
[sudo] password for aiot: ********
#切換到網頁目錄
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# cd /var/www/html
#下載phpMyAdmin
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html# wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip
#解壓縮
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html# unzip phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip
#變更目錄名稱
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html# mv phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages phpMyAdmin
#切換到 phpMyAdmin 目錄
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html# cd phpMyAdmin
#複製設定檔
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html/phpMyAdmin# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
#編輯設定檔
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html/phpMyAdmin# vim config.inc.php

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '192.168.88.7';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['compress'] = false;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = false;

#設定 phpMyAdmin 暫存資料夾
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html/phpMyAdmin# mkdir tmp
root@aiot-1-i534:/var/www/html/phpMyAdmin# chmod -c 777 tmp
mode of 'tmp' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0777 (rwxrwxrwx)

瀏覽器打開網址: http://192.168.88.7/phpMyAdmin

4. 安裝不同版本的PHP-FPM

#切換到 root 權限
aiot@aiot-1-i534:~$ sudo su
[sudo] password for aiot: ********
#apt-get 新增可安裝多個PHP版本
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
#安裝其他版本PHP及相關套件
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install php7.4-fpm php7.4-cgi -y
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install php7.4-mysqli php7.4-mysql -y
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# apt install php7.4-common php7.4-mbstring php7.4-xml php7.4-curl php7.4-zip php7.4-bz2 php7.4-gd -y
#修改 Nginx 網站設定
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php;
server_name _;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location ~ phpinfo2\.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
}
}

#重啟 Nginx
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# service nginx restart
root@aiot-1-i534:/home/aiot# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/phpinfo2.php

瀏覽器打開網址: http://192.168.88.7/phpinfo.php

瀏覽器打開網址: http://192.168.88.7/phpinfo2.php

參考文獻

How To Run Multiple PHP Versions on One Server Using Apache and PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 18.04